Obesity in America is a very hot topic. The question is what makes
someone obese? The medical community is constantly challenging the number of
misguided assumptions about obesity and other misguided facts that have come
from old wives tales. Chocolate, coffee, and beer are many things that have
been known as unhealthy treats but now all confirmed to be healthy treats with
major health benefits. Society learns more about the true nutrition values and
health benefits of foods as science and studies evolve.
In process of science the
BMI chart was made. Now the picture below is an image
found from Google Image and may not be the best and most updated graph.
Mr. Adolphe Quetelet was
pioneer in the field of polymath and helped the concept of Body Mass Index (BMI) move forward in society. This concept is not
based on how much fat an individual really has but instead the BMI is a measurement of the body fat based on the
height and weight of an adult man or woman. “BMI calculator does not actually show the percentage of body fat that
you have but it is just a mere proxy of your obesity” (1). Quetelet was a Belgian scientist that
found an easy way to find out how healthy an adult is in their current health
state.
Now obesity is a,
“chronic, relapsing, neurochemical disease with a genetic basis” (4). The
theory of eating less and exercising more is ineffective because for many
people it is a life long challenge. With long-term calorie reduction and
exercise enhancement it is not necessary for adequate weight loss because there
are biological and environmental reasons that we overlook. Diet and exercise
are obviously key elements to a better lifestyle change and plan against
obesity, but there is so much more. Obesity patients that have chronic
conditions will require lifelong treatment and interventions, which will be
from many lifelong components such as diabetes and hypertension. Obesity
deserves serious treatment and it is hard for many people because of financial
costs. To be healthy and thin in today’s society is hard because healthier
foods cost more. The image below, “I can’t afford to be skinny,” talks about
how being skinny is looked at as one being poor. This was considered a negative
in the 1960s and this ad talks about how you can talk to your doctor about your
bad eat habits.
Now how do we know
someone is suffering from obesity? Many may think this is a funny question
because everyone knows what an overweight “fat” person looks like. But if we
look more in depth on things like their behaviors and less on their attributes
it becomes a little bit harder to describe. Someone who eats larger unhealthy
meals and sits around all day is the common unscholarly definition. But when
reviewing studies I found that Obesity has a relationship with stress and eating
behaviors, “Stress appears to alter overall food intake
in two ways, resulting in under- or overeating, which may be influenced by
stressor severity. Chronic life stress seems to be associated with a greater
preference for energy- and nutrient-dense foods, namely those that are high in
sugar and fat. Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that chronic life
stress may be causally linked to weight gain, with a greater effect seen in
men. Stress-induced eating may be one factor contributing to the development of
obesity”(5). Many studies have been
examined in animals and humans on how stress influences eating behaviors. The
relationship between stress and eating behaviors gives the conclusion that it
can influences ones chances of being diagnosed with obesity.
Many doctors are worried that people will
use the diagnosis of obesity a way out. By having a diagnosis many people
believe that there will be this magical pill that will make them lose weight.
Unfortunately it isn’t that easy because every individual is different. A pill
may work for certain people who have other underlying conditions but exercise
and eating behavior will be needed.
The major players of the decision making is
not the “lazy” individual but as an article describes, “that human overeating
is not just a passive response to
salient environmental triggers and powerful physiological drives; it is also
about making choices” (6). Most articles
covered that an obese individual hasn’t made the right choices health wise but
they also factor in what kind of lifestyles these individuals lead. Why is
there a diagnosis if it is just a simple lifestyle change? For a doctor to
diagnose a patient with obesity they will usually take these steps: take the
health history, check for other health problems (tumors, etc.), calculate your BMI, measure the waist, and run a blood test. When doctors measure the
waist they are looking to see how much fat storage is held in that area of the
body. The fat stored around the waist is
called visceral fat or abdominal fat. This fat may further increase the risk
for diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.
There are many parties that gain from the
diagnosis of obesity and there are many that lose. Obesity is a topic with lots
of detail because everyone is different.
The label of obesity is heartbreaking to many individuals and empowering
to others. In society we believe that individuals should be thin and in shape.
Women are fed the stigma of being thin and there are many groups that support
eating disorders to help them succeed. Below are images I found from a group
that supports eating disorders and being the ultimate thin.
Thinspiration - inspiration for a
thinner society
It is also not young females that are sucked
into being thin but even men. The photo below is an image of a young male
trying to fit society’s image. Also an image of a young boy making the change
from skinny, healthy, and ending with being obese(look at his face in the image
to the right).
Where is society’s line of healthy and fat?
The media plays a big role in what men and woman should look like. The
advertisements are everywhere and now are focused on children. It is more
common for a child to watch TV in their spare time and with the increase in ads
it begins this slow drip of what an individual should be instead of seeing and
loving who they are. Parents are already worried about TV’s influences on their
children behaviors. Many groups have come together to help fight childhood
obesity, but is childhood obesity a disease? The video below covers the topic
of childhood obesity and the ad’s that are being used in the state of Georgia.
The underlying social constructions of
obesity are based on this image of the person being a poor/middle class
individual who is usually female. If it is an obese woman than she will be
called “the cat lady” meaning she is living alone with multiple cats(her
friends since society befriends the obese),
in which she has multiple allergies (breathing problems, infections,
etc.), constantly goes to the doctor for Rx, uses a motorized wheelchair, and
upset/bitter individual (because she has either been enabled or lonely). Many
people have the perception that they are overweight but not obese. Obesity is an
illness but it is also a perception in many ways. The label that is placed on the individual is
proof that it is their fault that they are like this. “Fat people are
considered less worthy human beings than thin people are. They receive less of
the good things that life has to offer, and more of the bad” (8). The simple
fact that the media covers the head of any image of an obese person is
society’s way of showing how it is shameful to be overweight. But there is too much research against
society’s perception that every individual just needs to exercise more and eat
less. The weight loss companies like weight watcher and food companies
“ORGANIC” are making a huge profit off this simple perception that being obese
is a “social disgrace” (8).
Word Count: 1,375
Citations:
1.
"Calculate
Your Body Mass Index." Calculate Your BMI. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.
<http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/>.
2.
Discovery
Health. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.
<http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/diet-fitness/weight-loss/bmi3.htm>.
3.
"Bmi
Calculator “ How Does It Work." Bmi Calculator “ an Estimate of Your Obesity.” Web. 25 Mar. 2012.
<http://weightlosscalculatorfree.net/bmi-calculator-an-estimate-of-your-obesity>.
4.
"Obesity:
Character Flaw or Neurochemical Disease?" The Huffington Post. Web.
<https://lms.wsu.edu/section/content/default.asp?WCI=pgDisplay&WCU=CRSCNT&ENTRY_ID=1E37BB054E3C46C2A62E056B3753C45D>.
5.
"Relationship
between Stress, Eating Behavior, and Obesity." National Center for
Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Web. 25 Mar.
2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17869482>.
6.
“Decision-Making Deficits and Overeating: A Risk Model for Obesity." Nature.com.
Nature Publishing Group. Web. 25 Mar. 2012.
<http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v12/n6/full/oby2004113a.html>.
7.
Grinberg,
Emanuella. "Georgia's Child Obesity Ads Aim to Create Movement out of
Controversy - CNN.com." CNN. Cable News Network, 07 Feb. 2012. Web. 26
Mar. 2012.
<http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/07/health/atlanta-child-obesity-ads/index.html>.
8.
Erich
Goode, “The Stigme of Obesity,” Social
Deviance. Boston, 1996